Thawj kauj ruam hauv txhua txoj kev tsim kho qhov muag yog xaiv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag uas tsim nyog. Optical parameters (refractive index, Abbe tooj, transmittance, reflectivity), lub cev muaj zog (hardness, deformation, npuas cov ntsiab lus, Poisson tus piv), thiab txawm kub yam ntxwv (thermal expansion coefficient, kev sib raug zoo ntawm refractive index thiab kub) ntawm optical ntaub ntawv tag nrho yuav cuam tshuam. cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov tshuab. Kab lus no yuav qhia luv luv txog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab lawv cov khoom.
Cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg: iav kho qhov muag, kho qhov muag siv lead ua thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb.
01 Kho qhov muag iav
Kho qhov muag iav yog amorphous (iav) cov khoom siv kho qhov muag nruab nrab uas tuaj yeem xa lub teeb. Lub teeb dhau los ntawm nws tuaj yeem hloov nws txoj kev nthuav dav, theem thiab kev siv zog. Nws yog feem ntau siv los tsim cov khoom siv kho qhov muag xws li prisms, lo ntsiab muag, iav, qhov rais thiab cov ntxaij lim dej hauv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag lossis cov tshuab. Cov iav kho qhov muag muaj qhov pom tseeb, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab lub cev tsis sib xws hauv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab raug kho qhov muag tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv qhov qis-kub khoom lub xeev, cov iav kho qhov muag khaws cov qauv amorphous ntawm cov kua hauv lub xeev siab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm iav, xws li qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, thermal expansion coefficient, hardness, thermal conductivity, hluav taws xob conductivity, elastic modulus, thiab lwm yam, yog tib yam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia, uas yog hu ua isotropy.
Lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb ntawm cov iav kho qhov muag suav nrog Schott ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Corning ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Ohara ntawm Nyiv, thiab domestic Chengdu Guangming iav (CDGM), thiab lwm yam.
Refractive index thiab daim duab dispersion
optical iav refractive index curves
Transmittance nkhaus
02. Optical siv lead ua
Kho qhov muag siv lead ua yog hais txog cov khoom siv lead ua siv nyob rau hauv optical media. Vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, nws tuaj yeem siv dav los ua ntau lub qhov rais, lo ntsiab muag, thiab prisms rau ultraviolet thiab infrared daim ntaub ntawv. Raws li cov qauv siv lead ua, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib qho siv lead ua thiab polycrystalline. Ib leeg siv lead ua cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov siv lead ua siab ncaj thiab lub teeb xa mus, nrog rau cov khoom siv qis qis, yog li cov khoom siv ib leeg yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag.
Tshwj xeeb: Cov ntaub ntawv UV thiab infrared siv lead ua muaj xws li: quartz (SiO2), calcium fluoride (CaF2), lithium fluoride (LiF), pob zeb ntsev (NaCl), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), thiab lwm yam.
Polarizing crystals: Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv polarizing muaj xws li calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2), sodium nitrate (nitrate), thiab lwm yam.
Achromatic Crystal: Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb dispersion ntawm cov siv lead ua yog siv los tsim lub hom phiaj achromatic lo ntsiab muag. Piv txwv li, calcium fluoride (CaF2) tau ua ke nrog iav los tsim cov kab mob achromatic, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab cov spectrum theem nrab.
Laser siv lead ua: siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm rau cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev lasers, xws li ruby, calcium fluoride, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet siv lead ua, thiab lwm yam.
Cov khoom siv lead ua tau muab faib ua ntuj tsim thiab cog qoob loo. Ntuj siv lead ua yog tsawg heev, nyuaj rau loj hlob artificially, txwv loj, thiab kim. Feem ntau txiav txim siab thaum cov khoom siv iav tsis txaus, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv lub teeb pom kev tsis pom thiab siv rau hauv semiconductor thiab laser industries.
03 Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb
a. iav-ceramic
Iav-ceramic yog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb uas tsis yog iav lossis siv lead ua, tab sis qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm iav-ceramic thiab cov iav zoo tib yam yog qhov muaj cov qauv siv lead ua. Nws muaj cov qauv siv lead ua zoo dua li ceramic. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov thermal expansion coefficient, siab zog, siab hardness, tsawg ntom, thiab tsis tshua muaj siab stability. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm ca crystals, standard meter sticks, iav loj, laser gyroscopes, thiab lwm yam.
Lub thermal expansion coefficient ntawm microcrystalline optical cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.0 ± 0.2 × 10-7 / ℃ (0 ~ 50 ℃)
b. Silicon Carbide
Silicon carbide yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb ceramic uas tseem siv los ua cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Silicon carbide muaj qhov nruj zoo, tsis tshua muaj thermal deformation coefficient, thermal stability zoo, thiab txo qhov hnyav hnyav. Nws yog suav hais tias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau cov tsom iav loj loj thiab dav siv hauv aerospace, high-power lasers, semiconductors thiab lwm yam.
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag no tuaj yeem hu ua cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Ntxiv rau cov khoom loj ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, cov khoom siv fiber ntau, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua kua, cov ntaub ntawv luminescent, thiab lwm yam. tag nrho yog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm optical technology yog inseparable los ntawm optical material technology. Peb tos ntsoov rau kev nce qib ntawm kuv lub teb chaws cov khoom siv kho qhov muag.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-05-2024
